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1 процесс производства стали
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > процесс производства стали
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2 proces stalowniczy
• steelmaking• steelmaking processSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > proces stalowniczy
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3 процесс производства стали
steelmaking operation, steelmaking processРусско-английский политехнический словарь > процесс производства стали
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4 способ получения стали
1) Engineering: steelmaking practice, steelmaking process, steelmaking technique2) Makarov: steel-making practice, steel-making process, steel-making techniqueУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > способ получения стали
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5 Martin, Pierre Emile
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 18 August 1824 Bourges, Franced. 23 May 1915 Fourchambault, France[br]French metallurgist, pioneer of open-hearth steelmaking.[br]His father Emile owned an iron-and steelworks at Sireuil, near Angoulême, and, through this, Pierre became interested in improving the steelmaking process. In England, C.W. Siemens had developed the regenerative principle of waste-heat recovery that produced a much higher furnace temperature. In 1863, the Martins applied this process in an open-hearth furnace built under licence from Siemens, with the aid of his engineers. They melted a mixture of pig-and wrought iron to produce steel with the required carbon content. Martin exhibited the product at the Paris Exhibition of 1867 and was awarded a gold medal. The open-hearth process was for a long time known as the Siemens-Martin process, but Martin did not share in the profits which others gained from its successful adoption. He had difficulty in obtaining patent rights as it was claimed that the principles of the process were already known and in use. The costs of litigation brought Martin to the brink of poverty, from which relief came only late in life, when in 1907 the Comité des Forges de France opened a subscription for him that was generously supported. A week before his death, the Iron and Steel Institute of London bestowed on him their Bessemer gold medal.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsIron and Steel Institute Bessemer Gold Medal 1915.Further ReadingObituary, 1915, Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 91:466.LRD -
6 процесс производства стали с применением кислорода
1) Engineering: oxygen steelmaking process, oxygen-steelmaking process2) Metallurgy: oxygen-steel making processУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > процесс производства стали с применением кислорода
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7 Sauerstoffblasverfahren
Sauerstoffblasverfahren n HÜTT basic oxygen process, oxygen-blown steelmaking process, oxygen steelmaking processDeutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch Engineering > Sauerstoffblasverfahren
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8 Talbot, Benjamin
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 19 September 1864 Wellington, Shropshire, Englandd. 16 December 1947 Solberge Hall, Northallerton, Yorkshire, England[br]Talbot, William Henry Fox English steelmaker and businessman who introduced a technique for producing steel "continuously" in large tilting basic-lined open-hearth furnaces.[br]After spending some years at his father's Castle Ironworks and at Ebbw Vale Works, Talbot travelled to the USA in 1890 to become Superintendent of the Southern Iron and Steel Company of Chattanooga, Tennessee, where he initiated basic open-hearth steelmaking and a preliminary slag washing to remove silicon. In 1893 he moved to Pennsylvania as Steel Superintendent at the Pencoyd works; there, six years later, he began his "continuous" steelmaking process. Returning to Britain in 1900, Talbot marketed the technique: after ten years it was in successful use in Britain, continental Europe and the USA; it promoted the growth of steel production.Meanwhile its originator had joined the Cargo Fleet Iron Company Limited on Teesside, where he was made Managing Director in 1907. Twelve years later he assumed, in addition, the same position in the allied South Durham Steel and Iron Company Limited. While remaining Managing Director, he was appointed Deputy Chairman of both companies in 1925, and Chairman in 1940. The companies he controlled survived the depressed 1920s and 1930s and were significant contributors to British steel output, with a capacity of more than half a million tonnes per year.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Iron and Steel Institute 1928, and (British) National Federation of Iron and Steel Manufacturers. Iron and Steel Institute (London) Bessemer Gold Medal 1908. Franklin Institute (Philadelphia), Elliott Cresson Gold Medal, and John Scott Medal 1908.Bibliography1900, "The open-hearth continuous steel process", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 57 (1):33–61.1903, "The development of the continuous open-hearth process", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 63(1):57–73.1905, "Segregation in steel ingots", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 68(2):204–23. 1913, "The production of sound steel by lateral compression of the ingot whilst its centre is liquid", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 87(1):30–55.Further ReadingG.Boyce, 1986, entry in Dictionary of Business Biography, Vol. V, ed. J.Jeremy, Butterworth.W.G.Willis, 1969, South Durham Steel and Iron Co. Ltd, South Durham Steel and Iron Company Ltd (includes a few pages specifically on Talbot, and a portrait photo). J.C.Carr and W.Taplin, 1962, History of the British Steel Industry, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press (mentions Talbot's business attitudes).JKA -
9 Thomas, Sidney Gilchrist
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 16 April 1850 London, Englandd. 1 February 1885 Paris, France[br]English inventor of basic steelmaking.[br]Thomas was educated at Dulwich College and from the age of 17, for the next twelve years, he made his living as a police-court clerk, although he studied chemistry in his spare time as an evening student at Birkbeck College, London. While there, he heard of the difficulties encountered by the Bessemer steelmaking process, which at that time was limited to using phosphorus-free iron. Any of this element present in the iron was oxidized to phosphoric acid, which would not react with the acidic lining in the converter, with the result that it would remain in the iron and render it too brittle to use. Unfortunately, phosphoric iron ores are more common than those free of this harmful element. Thomas was attracted by the view that a fortune awaited anyone who could solve this problem, and was not discouraged by the failure of several august figures in the industry, including Siemens and Lowthian Bell.Thomas's knowledge of chemistry taught him that whereas an acidic lining allowed the phosphorus to remain in the iron, a basic lining would react with it to form part of the slag, which could then be tapped off. His experiments to find a suitable material were conducted in difficult conditions, in his spare time with meagre apparatus. Finally he found that a converter lined with dolomite, a form of limestone, would succeed, and he appealed to his cousin Percy Carlyle Gilchrist, Chemist at the Blaenavon Ironworks in Monmouthshire, for help in carrying out pilot-scale trials. In 1879 he gave up his police-court job to devote himself to the work, and in the same year they patented the Thomas- Gilchrist process. The first licence to use it was granted to Bolckow, Vaughan \& Co. of Middlesborough, and there the first steel was made in a basic Bessemer converter on 4 April 1879. The process was rapidly taken up and spread widely in Europe and beyond and was applied to other furnaces. Thomas made a fortune, but his health did not long allow him to enjoy it, for he died at the early age of 34.[br]BibliographyL.G.Thompson, 1940, Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, an Invention and Its Consequences, London: Faber.T.G.Davies, 1978, Blaenavon and Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, Sheffield: Historical Metallurgy Society.LRDBiographical history of technology > Thomas, Sidney Gilchrist
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10 конвертерный процесс производства стали
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > конвертерный процесс производства стали
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11 кислородно-конвертерный процесс
1) Engineering: BOF process, basic oxygen process, basic-oxygen-furnace process, oxygen-blow process, oxygen-converter process2) Metallurgy: L-D process, basic oxygen furnace process, oxygen-blown process, oxygen-converter process (выплавки стали), oxygen-steel making process, oxygen-steelmaking processУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > кислородно-конвертерный процесс
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12 Bessemer, Sir Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 19 January 1813 Charlton (near Hitchin), Hertfordshire, Englandd. 15 January 1898 Denmark Hill, London, England[br]English inventor of the Bessemer steelmaking process.[br]The most valuable part of Bessemer's education took place in the workshop of his inventor father. At the age of only 17 he went to London to seek his fortune and set himself up in the trade of casting art works in white metal. He went on to the embossing of metals and other materials and this led to his first major invention, whereby a date was incorporated in the die for embossing seals, thus preventing the wholesale forgeries that had previously been committed. For this, a grateful Government promised Bessemer a paid position, a promise that was never kept; recognition came only in 1879 with a belated knighthood. Bessemer turned to other inventions, mainly in metalworking, including a process for making bronze powder and gold paint. After he had overcome technical problems, the process became highly profitable, earning him a considerable income during the forty years it was in use.The Crimean War presented inventors such as Bessemer with a challenge when weaknesses in the iron used to make the cannon became apparent. In 1856, at his Baxter House premises in St Paneras, London, he tried fusing cast iron with steel. Noticing the effect of an air current on the molten mixture, he constructed a reaction vessel or converter in which air was blown through molten cast iron. There was a vigorous reaction which nearly burned the house down, and Bessemer found the iron to be almost completely decarburized, without the slag threads always present in wrought iron. Bessemer had in fact invented not only a new process but a new material, mild steel. His paper "On the manufacture of malleable iron and steel without fuel" at the British Association meeting in Cheltenham later that year created a stir. Bessemer was courted by ironmasters to license the process. However, success was short-lived, for they found that phosphorus in the original iron ore passed into the metal and rendered it useless. By chance, Bessemer had used in his trials pig-iron, derived from haematite, a phosphorus-free ore. Bessemer tried hard to overcome the problem, but lacking chemical knowledge he resigned himself to limiting his process to this kind of pig-iron. This limitation was removed in 1879 by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, who substituted a chemically basic lining in the converter in place of the acid lining used by Bessemer. This reacted with the phosphorus to form a substance that could be tapped off with the slag, leaving the steel free from this harmful element. Even so, the new material had begun to be applied in engineering, especially for railways. The open-hearth process developed by Siemens and the Martin brothers complemented rather than competed with Bessemer steel. The widespread use of the two processes had a revolutionary effect on mechanical and structural engineering and earned Bessemer around £1 million in royalties before the patents expired.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1879. FRS 1879. Royal Society of Arts Albert Gold Medal 1872.Bibliography1905, Sir Henry Bessemer FRS: An Autobiography, London.LRD -
13 Sauerstoffaufblasverfahren
n < metall> (Stahlherstellung) ■ basic oxygen steelmaking process; basic oxygen process; L-D process; Linz-Donawitz process rare ; Linz-Donawitz basic oxygen process rareGerman-english technical dictionary > Sauerstoffaufblasverfahren
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14 кислородно-конвертерный процесс
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > кислородно-конвертерный процесс
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15 LD-Sauerstoffaufblasverfahren
n < metall> (Stahlherstellung) ■ basic oxygen steelmaking process; basic oxygen process; L-D process; Linz-Donawitz process rare ; Linz-Donawitz basic oxygen process rareGerman-english technical dictionary > LD-Sauerstoffaufblasverfahren
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16 Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren
n rar < metall> (Stahlherstellung) ■ basic oxygen steelmaking process; basic oxygen process; L-D process; Linz-Donawitz process rare ; Linz-Donawitz basic oxygen process rareGerman-english technical dictionary > Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren
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17 процесс производства стали
Engineering: steelmaking operation, steelmaking processУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > процесс производства стали
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18 Mushet, Robert Forester
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 8 April 1811 Coleford, Gloucestershire, Englandd. 19 January 1891 Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England[br]English steelmaker who invented the first alloy steel.[br]Mushet acquired his metallurgical knowledge in his father's ironworks at Coleford in the Forest of Dean. In 1848 his attention seems to have been drawn to the use of manganese in ironworking, in the form of spiegeleisen, an alloy of iron and manganese derived from a Prussian iron ore consisting essentially of a double carbonate of iron and manganese. This alloy came into its own in 1856 with the invention of the Bessemer steelmaking process, for Mushet found that if molten spiegeleisen was added to the Bessemer iron the quality of the product was greatly improved. Mushet patented this process, but when he failed to pay the stamp duty due in 1859 his rights lapsed. Bessemer independently discovered the use of spiegeleisen, although Mushet continued to maintain his priority.Mushet's most important discovery was that of tungsten steel, the forerunner of a long line of alloy steels. While working a small crucible steelworks at Coleford, he was asked by a Scottish manufacturer to make a hard-metal tool, but he found that the metal was unsatisfactory. After experiments, he found that an alloy steel containing about 8 per cent tungsten possessed remarkable properties. It proved to be self-hardening, i.e. after forging and being allowed to cool, it was found to have become hardened, without the need for the heat treatment that was normally required. Also, unlike other hardened steels, it did not lose its hardness when heated even to dull-red heat. It would thus remain hard in a cutting tool that had run hot through deep cutting. Mushet's tungsten steel was brought into use in 1868 and was of great benefit to engineers, who were making increasing demands on cutting machines.[br]Further ReadingBiographical notice, 1878, Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute: 1–4.LRDBiographical history of technology > Mushet, Robert Forester
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19 Sauerstoffaufblasverfahren
n1. basic oxygen steelmaking process2. basic oxygen steel process -
20 основные черты
•Let us begin by considering some of the salient (or prominent, or main) features of particle accelerators.
•The fundamentals of the basic oxygen steelmaking process are as follows.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > основные черты
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См. также в других словарях:
Steelmaking — is the second step in producing steel from iron ore. In this stage, impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, and excess carbon are removed from the raw iron, and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium and vanadium are added to… … Wikipedia
electric steelmaking process — Смотри электросталеплавильный процесс … Энциклопедический словарь по металлургии
steelmaking — ˈ ̷ ̷ˌ ̷ ̷ ̷ ̷ noun : the process or business of manufacturing steel * * * /steel may king/, n. the manufacture of steel. [1805 15; STEEL + MAKING] … Useful english dictionary
Basic oxygen steelmaking — ( BOS, BOF, Linz Donawitz Verfahren, LD converter ) is a method of steelmaking in which carbon rich molten iron is made into steel. The process is an improvement over the historically important Bessemer process. The LD converter is named after… … Wikipedia
basic process — noun : a process (as in steelmaking) carried on in a furnace lined with basic material (as magnesite, dolomite, lime, or iron oxide) and under a slag that is dominantly basic opposed to acid process; compare bessemer process * * * basic( oxygen)… … Useful english dictionary
Bessemer process — Metall. a process of producing steel, in which impurities are removed by forcing a blast of air through molten iron. [1855 60; after H. BESSEMER] * * * Technique for converting pig iron to steel invented by Henry Bessemer in England in 1856 and… … Universalium
basic-oxygen process — basic( oxygen) process noun A steelmaking process in which oxygen is blown at high pressure through molten pig iron • • • Main Entry: ↑basic … Useful english dictionary
basic(-oxygen) process — noun A steelmaking process in which oxygen is blown at high pressure through molten pig iron ● basic … Useful english dictionary
open-hearth process — /oʊpən ˈhaθ proʊsɛs/ (say ohpuhn hahth prohses) noun the steelmaking process using an open hearth furnace …
Bessemer process — Steelmaking method named after Sir Henry Bessemer (1813–1898), British metallurgist … Bryson’s dictionary for writers and editors
basic oxygen process — a high speed method of steelmaking in which oxygen of high purity is blown through an oxygen lance at high velocity onto the surface of a bath containing steel scrap and molten pig iron within a vessel with a basic lining (basic oxygen furnace).… … Universalium